What is early literacy, and why is it critical in the early years?

Early literacy refers to the foundational skills and knowledge that children develop before they are formally taught how to read and write. This includes a range of abilities such as phonemic awareness, which is the understanding that words are made up of sounds; vocabulary development; and print awareness, among others. These skills are crucial because they set the stage for successful reading and writing later in life. Children who develop strong early literacy skills are more likely to attain reading proficiency in school, which is essential for academic success across all subjects.

The focus on phonemic awareness and vocabulary highlights the importance of not only recognizing sounds in language but also understanding and using words, which are both key components of literacy. Engaging children in activities that promote these skills—such as rhyming games, reading aloud, and conversations about topics of interest—renders an impactful early literacy experience. This is foundational for children’s future learning and cognitive development as well, making it a critical aspect of early childhood education.