When can a school disclose information without consent to organizations conducting studies?

A school can disclose information without consent to organizations conducting studies as long as these organizations are performing studies on behalf of the school. This practice is rooted in the premise that the information is being used for educational purposes that directly benefit the school and its students.

When studies are conducted on behalf of the school, the intent is typically to gather data that can lead to improvements in educational practices, policies, or outcomes. This scenario aligns with guidelines provided under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA), which allows for certain disclosures without consent for purposes related to the school's operations, including educational research.

In contrast, the other options do not reflect the conditions under which schools may disclose student information appropriately. For instance, if the organization is a for-profit company, this does not automatically justify disclosure without consent. Likewise, while schools may feel a need to improve education based on various factors, this does not provide a blanket authority to disclose personal information indiscriminately. Specific written requests from affected students become necessary for disclosures not related directly to improving the school’s educational services, making the conditions outlined in the correct choice essential for maintaining the privacy and rights of students.