Which psychosocial stages did Erikson associate with children from birth through elementary school years?

The correct choice reflects Erikson's psychosocial development theory, particularly the relevant stages for early childhood. From birth through elementary school, children primarily navigate the stages of Basic Trust vs. Mistrust and Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt.

In the first stage, Basic Trust vs. Mistrust, which occurs from birth to approximately 18 months, infants learn to trust their caregivers and the world around them based on the consistency and quality of care they receive. Successful navigation of this stage results in a sense of security and trust in one’s environment.

Following this, the stage of Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt typically spans from about 18 months to 3 years. Here, toddlers are exploring their independence and are beginning to assert their control over their own actions. Success in this stage leads to a sense of autonomy, while failure may instill feelings of shame and doubt in their abilities.

The latter stages, such as Initiative vs. Guilt and Industry vs. Inferiority, do arise in the context of early childhood and elementary school but they come into play after the foundational stages mentioned. Initiative vs. Guilt occurs from ages 3 to 6, focusing on the balance between initiative in taking action and the guilt